[SPEAKER_15]: в основном подвергаются риску из-за этого. Итак, есть некоторый исторический контекст. Многие общины чернокожих и коричневых подверглись жилищной сегрегации. Для вас это не новость, но я просто хотел, чтобы вы получили возможность прочитать это, что привело к сокращению ресурсов и неправильной инфраструктуре. Итак, если мы посмотрим на цифры, окажется, что чернокожие дети более чем в два раза чаще страдают астмой. Чернокожие дети в 7,6 раз чаще умирают от астмы. А в 2021 году 72 миллиона цветных людей будут жить в районах с высоким уровнем загрязнения озоном или твердыми частицами. Итак, когда мы устанавливаем связь между тем, почему мы проводим сериал, и последствиями изменения климата, а также работой, которую мы выполняем в городе Метод, нашем Управлении по предотвращению, а также Управлении планирования, развития и устойчивого развития. Мне всегда нужно помнить, что такое PDS. Таким образом, от наводнений до волн жары чернокожие и коричневые дети подвергаются большему риску последствий для здоровья, связанных с климатом. И в этом подразделении у нас также есть Совет по справедливости в отношении здоровья, которым руководит Бренда Пайк, наш специалист по климатическому планированию, вместе с нашими Medford Connectors, Шарбелем, Лизетт, Самией, которой здесь нет, и Наташей, которая виртуальна. Таким образом, Climate Equity — это специальный комитет, который будет консультировать город по вопросам реализации Плана действий по борьбе с изменением климата, уделяя особое внимание представлению интересов ранее недостаточно представленных групп в городе Метод. Так как же вы можете помочь? Узнайте о проблемах экологической справедливости, принимайте участие и продолжайте участвовать. Вы можете оставаться помолвленными. У нас есть этот всплывающий баннер, и с помощью QR-кода вы можете продолжать с ним общаться или связаться со мной или Брендой и просто связаться с нами в мэрии. И все. Итак, я сделаю это. Доктор Бритта Лундберг уже в пути. У нее ужасное движение. Она отстает, но сегодня вечером она будет нашим докладчиком и более подробно расскажет о влиянии астмы на детей. Так что я буду, я просто прошу немного терпения.
[SPEAKER_00]: Конечно. Ага. ХОРОШО. Итак, пока у нас есть немного времени, одна из вещей, если вы придете к нам в нашу небольшую демонстрационную зону позже, у нас там есть портативная индукционная варочная панель, то есть электрическая варочная панель. И одна из замечательных особенностей этого продукта, помимо преимуществ при астме, заключается в том, что он не нагревает кожу. Верхняя часть плиты и область вокруг нее просто фокусируют тепло на самой сковороде, поэтому возникает электромагнитное поле. Итак, если у вас есть металлическая кастрюля, к которой прикрепляется магнит, это сработает, и это просто нагревает кастрюлю, так что я могу, я покажу тебе позже Я могу его включить, положить на него руку, он не обожжет руку, потому что будет только нагревать металл. Я могу положить полотенце, поставить кастрюлю поверх полотенца и готовить через полотенце, и полотенце не обожжется, потому что оно просто сосредотачивает тепло на сковороде. Таким образом, он невероятно энергоэффективен, экономит энергию, экономит деньги и снижает риск возгорания. И это также улучшает исходы астмы. Так что это большое преимущество. Полноразмерные печи, как и обычные кухонные печи, стоят дороже, чем традиционная печь. Вот эта портативная варочная панель, она стоит 100 долларов. Это относительно просто. И я готовил на нем большую часть своих блюд в течение года. И это было действительно здорово. Если вы хотите попробовать это сами, в Медфордской публичной библиотеке есть две индукционные варочные панели, такие портативные, которые вы можете взять из библиотеки, чтобы опробовать их на пару недель и посмотреть, интересно ли вам это. .
[SPEAKER_10]: Итак, есть кофе и закуски, если людям интересно.
[SPEAKER_07]: Но я думаю, пока мы подождём, мы сможем сказать. Хорошо, как дела? Привет. Хорошо, они могут видеть это, они не могут видеть то.
[SPEAKER_09]: Привет, как дела? Действительно хорошо. Хорошо, я Кевин из Equity Community Media, помогаю со всем этим.
[SPEAKER_13]: Хорошо, фантастика. У нас есть ваш микрофон.
[SPEAKER_02]: Позвольте мне сбежать назад и перезапуститься. А Лиза упомянула о портативном микрофоне, чтобы зрители тоже были там? Да, окей, хорошо.
[SPEAKER_09]: Как я уже сказал, когда я посмотрел сегодня утром, прошло полчаса. И я подумал: я знаю, что будет немного занятее. Это может быть 40 минут. И я продолжал стараться быть очень умным в этом отношении. И каждый раз я думал, что, по крайней мере, это заняло пару минут.
[SPEAKER_07]: Все прошло не очень быстро. Я так рада видеть, как люди выходят. У нас есть кое-что на премьеру.
[SPEAKER_04]: и она проводила с ним каждое лето.
[SPEAKER_15]: Хорошо, итак, мы вернулись. Я просто хотел представить доктора Лундберга, который будет нашим докладчиком на этом вечере. Она дипломированный врач-инфекционист и бывший доцент кафедры инфекционных заболеваний Университета Эмори. Она является генеральным директором и основателем Института справедливости в отношении здоровья и Lundberg Health Advocates, группы по защите прав пациентов. Институт справедливости в отношении здоровья предлагает пропагандистское образование и финансирование программ пропагандистских услуг для нуждающихся пациентов. Доктор Лундберг является активным членом Climate Code Blue, правозащитной группы, возглавляемой врачами, целью которой является повышение осведомленности общественности о влиянии изменения климата на здоровье. Она является бывшим председателем правления и активным членом организации «Врачи Большого Бостона за социальную ответственность», а также членом Комитета по охране окружающей среды и гигиены труда Массачусетского медицинского общества. Я передам микрофон доктору Лундбергу.
[SPEAKER_09]: Sophie, how do I change the slides? I can change it for you. Oh, I can just say next slide. First of all, thank you all so much for coming out on a Wednesday night to hear about air pollution and climate justice and the health impacts of childhood asthma in black children, because I think this is such an incredibly important topic, and I am so glad to be here. Next slide. So just a few words about what is asthma. And I'm sorry, these slides are kind of far back, but I think you can see them OK. So it essentially is a hyper-reactivity of the airways that causes swelling, difficulty breathing. I'm sure that many of you in this room, I as a parent and the parent of two kids with asthma, I'm sure a lot of you are involuntary experts about asthma. And so I probably don't need to tell you too much. But what I do need to tell you is that there are several triggers for asthma. There are triggers that we can do things about, and there are triggers we can't do things about. The triggers we generally can't do so much about include cold air, exercise, viral infections, you know, that your kids are going to be exposed to or that you are exposed to. But tonight I'm going to talk about the things we can do things, something about. And I'm going to talk about who this disease is most common in. So it turns out, and actually it was really a pleasure to me to prepare and a bit of a shock, I have to say, to prepare this talk because it was somewhat of an eye-opener to me. I did not know all of these statistics, so I'm just going to share with you some pretty sobering statistics that I wasn't aware of. So as many of you know, black children have a higher risk of developing asthma than children of other racial groups. Black children have more than double the asthma rate, 12% versus 5.5% in other groups. Emergency use is much higher. And there's an increased asthma fatality rate. Now, these data are for across the country. They're not for Massachusetts. Massachusetts, it's a little lower. But in general, the asthma fatality rate is almost eight times higher in black children. Next slide. So that list of triggers that I put up there in the slide before this mentioned a whole bunch of triggers, mold, allergens, pollen, as I said, exercise and whatnot. And it mentioned smoke, but it doesn't mention what we're gonna talk about tonight, which is air pollution. I really feel like the NIH should list air pollution as a trigger and cause of asthma because the data tell us that it is. Air pollution in Massachusetts, according to a 2019 study by Boston College professor Dr. Philip Landrigan, showed that 15,000 cases of asthma in 2019 are due to air pollution in our state, and they're disproportionately affecting communities of color. But air pollution isn't just a cause and a trigger of asthma. It's a cause of a lot of other stuff. It's a cause of IQ loss in children. It's a cause of low birth weight among newborns. And, importantly, it's a cause of death. Worldwide, it accounts for 3 million deaths. It's the fifth leading risk factor for death in the world. And in our state, it accounts for 2,800 deaths a year, at least in this 2019 study. The important thing to note is that those deaths occur in every single community in Massachusetts, regardless of income, regardless of race, but they disproportionately occur among communities of color. And so, and the other important thing about that study is that it turns out that the level of particulate matter that the EPA believes is protective turned out not to be protective in that study. The levels that they saw health effects at were much, much lower, leading the authors to recommend much, much lower levels of pollution that should be allowed. Now if I just asked you what the number one trigger is in terms of houses about what the trigger for childhood asthma is, I put it on the slide, I should have asked the slide before, but actually the number one trigger for pediatric asthma is gas stove use in the house. And so that is what I'm gonna focus my talk on, but I thought I'd mention outdoor air pollution right at the get-go also. Next slide, please. Again, just reinforcing what I just said, there are disparities around who's exposed to air pollution. On average, nationally, people of color are exposed to 38% higher levels of the air pollutant nitrogen dioxide. It's just a common air pollution pollutant. And we in the Northeast, ironically, you know, we... I grew up thinking, oh, we're so much more enlightened. No, no, no, not when it comes to air pollution. Actually, the disparities in the Northeast are some of the worst in the country. And one of the top 10 cities in terms of those disparities is Boston. And one of the two top 10 states in terms of locating sources of air pollution including things like hazardous waste facilities and biomass incinerators and natural gas infrastructure like compressor stations and oil and gas pipelines and that kind of thing. There are two top states in the country for that. One is Wisconsin and one is Massachusetts. So that's distressing. Next slide please. So it's important to talk about childhood asthma, because there are three really important reasons why children are more susceptible to air pollution provoked asthma. First of all, they breathe at a higher rate, so they take those pollutants in at a higher rate. Second, because they're smaller, they have a higher lung to body weight surface area, and so they absorb more of those pollutants. And second, they have very immature developing respiratory systems, and so they're just not equipped to handle that level of pollution. I was asked to speak about the interaction between climate justice and asthma, and in fact, there's a very powerful interaction. Climate change, whether caused by wildfire smoke, as you see on the left, or flooding, bottom right, or drought, any of the commonly occurring things with climate change, all increase the respiratory disease and they compound racial disparities. The driver of climate change is fossil fuels and oil, gas, coal, infrastructure that produces all of this air pollution that then is a driver of climate change. And the interesting thing is that the fossil fuels don't just cause the climate change, they also are a direct provoker of asthma themselves. Next slide. Now the great news here is that cutting air pollution has immediate effects. I mean, really almost immediate. So we see asthma rates, heart attack rates, they fall rapidly. Babies are born healthier. Next slide. And how do we know that? So this is just a bunch of studies showing this effect. I'm just going to focus on the second one down. You might remember at the Atlanta Olympics, they really limited driving and transportation And they made all of the local, anyone who produced any local sources of air pollution, to really ramp it down so that the air quality would be better for the Olympics. And a bunch of physicians thought, well, this is interesting. Why don't we look at asthma at the same time? With all of this air pollution falling, we would expect it to get better. It plummeted. And that within weeks. So within 17 days, they had decreased emergency room visits for childhood asthma, decreased hospitalizations. And it wasn't just the Atlanta Olympics. They saw the same thing for the Beijing Olympics, because China did the same thing. And they really got very, very strict about their air pollution standards. And they actually looked at some of the data in lung tissue, and they saw decreased inflammatory markers. and decreased incidence of asthma exacerbations and inflammation. And so seeing all that data, we can just finish up and go home, right? Because we've got all the answers here. The answer is to decrease air pollution. Well, unfortunately, it's not that easy. Next slide, please. This is an article that I wrote in collaboration. They left off my co-author, Dr. Adrian Allen, who is Awesome, and they, anyway, I have to bother them about this, because I just noticed this when I pulled up the article. They've rebranded as Commonwealth Beacons, so when they were Commonwealth, she was on there, and now she's not. But it's just an article about pollution inequality in the state of Massachusetts, and all the roadblocks that we have been running into in terms of communities of color being disproportionately impacted by locating polluting infrastructure in them, like the Peabody Peeker plant, right in a community that's a disalready overburdened by too much polluting infrastructure, the Weymouth Compressor Station. Two success stories that I should mention since Governor Healey came into office are the Long Meadow Pipeline that the DEP put the kibosh on, and a biomass incinerator in Springfield. So we've had some victories, but by and large, Regulating outdoor air pollution is a real challenge. So that is why I'm going to focus on indoor air pollution. Next slide. Because this is something we as individuals can do something about. Next slide. Now, you might not know this, but indoor air quality is often much, much worse than outdoor air quality. And that is an important thing to think about because we spend up to 90% of our time indoors, right? That said, the EPA has said that indoor air pollution can be anywhere from two to five to 100 times worse than outdoor air quality. And homes with gas stoves emit 50 to 400 times as much of a very powerful air pollutant called nitrogen dioxide that we'll talk about in a minute than homes with electric stoves. Next slide. This is an important thing to know, because asthma is the second most common chronic illness in Massachusetts. One in eight children in Massachusetts have it. And 15% of that is attributable to gas stove use next. That's a problem, because gas stove usage is widespread in our state. Over 50% of over half of the houses in Massachusetts use gas to cook, houses and apartments. And in fact, as I mentioned earlier, this was a study in 2017 from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health showing that gas stoves are the number one trigger for indoor asthma, number one trigger indoors for childhood asthma exacerbations. As we mentioned before about outdoor air pollution, this too is an equity issue. Lower income households are at higher risk of exposure and illness. Why is that? Because their houses and apartments tend to be smaller. Their ventilation, they might be older homes, they don't have as fantastic ventilation. Also, frankly, With an effort to try to get houses tighter in terms of not leaking as much and being climate friendly and that kind of thing, by making the envelope of the house tighter, you therefore cut down on the ventilation too. And that's another factor that isn't on the slide in terms of increasing. Sometimes households use that stove or oven to supplement heat. They're also disproportionately exposed to outdoor air pollution. All of that adds up to a greater asthma burden. Next slide. So some people ask me, well, why haven't I ever heard about this? When we first passed a policy at the Massachusetts Medical Society to just raise awareness in the general community about asthma and childhood asthma and gastrofuse, I remember going to a party after this passed. It was just a holiday party, and mentioning that this happened. And someone looked at me, and they were like, what? What are you talking about? You're the first person in the world who has ever said anything to me about this. Now, I have to say that since that time, that was 2019, and since doctors have started speaking up about this issue, the number of articles in the popular press has just increased exponentially. It was like no one talked about it before, and therefore, no one did much about it either. And why? Well, the same reason sort of is the same as what happened with cigarettes. The cigarette companies knew since the 1950s that smoking cigarettes was bad for people's lungs, and they also knew that it was bad for other people in the household, so-called secondhand smoke. Well, it was the same thing with this issue. This has been extensively studied since about the 1980s. We have had really good data showing that gas stove use is not good for people's health. And yet, it hasn't gotten out there. When the Massachusetts Medical Society passed that resolution to let the public be more aware of this association, I was actually approached by a former EPA official who thanked me for bringing this to light because she said it had just been so concerning for such a long time and it wasn't getting enough attention. Next slide. So this is just a list of the different health organizations that have now recognized the association between gas stove pollution and childhood asthma, the AMA, the American Public Health Association, Mass Medical Society. Next slide, please. So why are gas stoves a health hazard? And why am I calling them like the secondhand smoke of our time? Well, it turns out that just like cigarette smoke, they actually emit the same really powerful pollutants that cigarettes do. Really interesting. Next slide, please. So they produce, as cigarettes, Many more things than the three things I've listed here, but I'm gonna focus on these, because they actually produce hundreds of different pollutants. But the big ones are something called PM2.5, which is particulate matter. It's an air pollutant. It's associated with asthma, COPD, heart attack, stroke. Also, nitrogen dioxide, another air pollutant and respiratory irritant, and carbon monoxide, which many people know from carbon monoxide poisoning, which can happen in the house, but it happens whenever you light up a cigarette, you can get some carbon monoxide, and it also happens when you cook on your stove. Next slide, please. I love to talk about, I think particulate matter is super interesting. So what you see at the bottom of the slide there is a shaft of your hair. 30 particles of particulate matter of this size, 2.5 microns, They're so small that 30 of them can fit into the diameter of a shaft of hair. So that's the size of pollution we're talking about. Why are we concerned about it? Because when you inhale it, it can penetrate deep into the lung where it triggers things like asthma, and then it can cross into the bloodstream from the lung where it can go to the heart and cause inflammation and cause things like heart attack. It can go up to the brain and cause inflammation and cause things like stroke. The important thing, it's associated with pneumonia and high blood pressure. The things to remember, children are especially vulnerable. It's especially at high levels, at stroller level. So when you're pushing a child along the street, that's where the particulate matter is the highest. And the other important thing to know is that, as I've mentioned before, risk exists at any level. So the EPA has given a cutoff level of what they call satisfactory, but it turns out that we see health effects down to the very lowest level. Next slide. Nitrogen dioxide. This is just a slide showing that the more nitrogen dioxide you have in the air, the more severe asthma reaction you're going to have. It's interesting that you start to get effects at about a level of 10 parts per billion. The safe cutoff for our EPA is 100. So you're allowed to be exposed to a hundred parts per billion But as you can see you get symptoms far below that and it also just lists where gas stoves versus electric stoves Tend to emit. I find that the most interesting thing about nitrogen dioxide when I was at a medical conference years ago one of my pulmonologist colleagues brought a really interesting contraption into the conference and I and he had collected some really polluted air outside, just right outside the convention center, the air that we had been breathing until we walked in to go to this seminar. And he brought it into the convention center, and he said, I have this really cool machine where I breathe it in, and then when I exhale, it can show all the different pollutants that are in the air that I've just breathed out. So you guys can see the pollution in the air that I'm breathing in, and then in the air that I'm breathing out. And actually, this data has been around since the 1960s. There's an article in Nature that shows this happening back then, too. And so he breathed in this extremely polluted air from outside. And when he breathed out, how much nitrogen dioxide was in what he breathed out? Nothing. And what does that mean? That means it's all in your lungs. So he was nicely filtering it for the rest of us. So think about that. And that's why these kids are so affected. They're really little. They're breathing in all of these super irritants, and they're staying in their lungs. Next slide. So, it's sort of a recurrent theme now. Children are exposed both to outdoor and indoor air pollution. So, they're cumulative and that's something to remember too. And again, the predominant source indoors is your gas stove. Next slide. And often, indoor emissions from gas stoves exceed outside, outdoor regulatory standards. Incredibly, there are no indoor air pollution standards for any pollutant whatsoever. It isn't regulated. Next slide, please. Very important slide. Gas stoves, if you don't use ventilation, if you have a house or an apartment that's less than 1,500 square feet, the nitrogen dioxide in your house is going to exceed regulatory standards 83% of the time. If you have a home or an apartment less than 1,000 square feet and you don't use ventilation, it's going to exceed regulatory standards all the time, 100% of the time. Next slide. Does cooking with gas increase asthma risk? Yes, it does, 42%. Next slide. And the other really important thing to know, that just again, this data is just fresh from the last year, is that even when the stove isn't turned on, gas stoves leak. And they leak bad stuff. They don't just leak methane. There was an article in the Boston Globe the other day about a woman She lived in Dorchester and her little dog was lying on the sofa and it died because her gas stove was leaking methane and methane is an asphyxiant gas. You go to Wikipedia and it says methane is an innocuous asphyxiant gas and I was like, well, innocuous means not harmful and asphyxiant means that you die from not being able to breathe and so you can't really say that it's both. But it leaks. Do you want me to wrap up? Is it, okay, okay. So another, so in addition to methane, which is an asphyxiant, killed the poor little puppy, but they don't just leak methane, they leak other stuff. They leak something called benzene, which is a known cause of cancer. It, like particulate matter, there's no safe level, it affects the nervous system, can cause birth defects, and it also leaks a bunch of other chemicals. Next slide. And by the way, it doesn't matter how expensive your stove is. The cheapest stoves and the most expensive stoves leak. And this is just an interesting slide. So some people say, well, how do I know that I won't get all of these pollutants if I cook on an electric stove? So this is a study showing whenever you burn anything, you're going to get some particulate matter. But it's interesting that when you cook with gas, you get a lot more particulate matter, and you also get all those other pollutants, the nitrogen dioxide, the VOCs, which is benzene, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide. Next slide. The health cost, asthma costs on the order of like $80 billion in the US annually. If you break that down to a per person per family cost for what you'll spend on asthma in a year, it comes out to some like $3,200 a year. What's the cost of an electric stove? Like $500 to $1,000. So when you think about the health cost to society versus the cost of changing out that stove, maybe it's something to think about when your stove's ready to die. Next slide. I just thought I'd quote a bunch of interesting data that just came out like two weeks ago from a really great article in Science from both Harvard and Stanford researchers. And they looked at both, because many people, there's another article that I quoted in there that I wrote a couple years ago. People wrote to me afterwards saying, but what about propane gas? Because we cook with propane gas, and is that as bad as methane gas, which most of us have? And it turns out, yes, it is. And they looked at the US as a whole, and they found that the pediatric asthma cases due to the nitrogen dioxide from gas and propane stoves is like 50,000 a year across the US. But if you look at all the pollutants we just talked about, the benzene and the carbon monoxide and the nitrogen dioxide, it's more like 200,000 cases of pediatric asthma a year. So that is a whopping number. Mortality, they made a mortality estimate. They said up to 19,000 adult deaths annually from gas stove use in the U.S. pretty a whopping, and what's the mortality cost of that? They said on the order of a billion dollars a year in the US, and actually then they broke it down to communities of color, and they found that the price tag was even higher. The most concerning thing actually to me about this study was that they didn't just look at levels of these pollutants in the kitchen. They went all over the house and they found that the levels of pollutants in the bedrooms were equally as elevated and they stayed elevated for hours after the gas stove was used. So something else to think about. Next slide. So what can we do about it? Does ventilation help reduce nitrogen dioxide levels? And the answer is a definite maybe. It works if you use it. I'm one of those people who, I didn't know this data till I was, till about 2017 or later. And so in the winter when my kids were little, I used to put, my ventilation like leaked like a sieve and you know this is Massachusetts it's cold so I've thought I was being really smart and I covered it with plastic, so that I wouldn't get a ton of cold air coming right through the vent from the outside. And then my kids got asthma, and then I started reading about this data, and I thought, gosh, you know, I'm gonna take the cover, all that plastic I put on in the winter, off of my vent. And I didn't even run it that much, but because it created a constant draft, at the end of, my son was a big runner, and at the end of his cross country season, I was like, you know, I'm never at the end of the race, so I haven't seen you using your inhaler, How many times did you use it this season? And he was like, I didn't use it this season. But the problem with ventilation is people don't like to use it. I found at the end, right before our gas stove died, and I became more and more concerned. I have to let you know that one of the researchers who carried out that Harvard study I mentioned, she uses an N95 mask when she cooks on her gas stove. I don't think I could do that, because anyway, I don't think I could do that. But I did start running my fan every single time I ran my gas stove. And I noticed that the whole kitchen just cleared out. Like I wanted quiet in the kitchen and I just turned on that fan, my husband was gone, the kids were gone, no one was in the kitchen, no one likes using the fan. So that's a real problem is compliance. People just don't use it, they don't like it, it's annoying, it's loud. But it does work as long as it vents to the outside. If it doesn't vent to the outside, if it's one of those fans that just recirculates things in the kitchen, those ones can actually end up with levels of pollution higher than what you started out with. So those are really not good. And then if you don't have a fan that goes to the outside, open a window. Opening a window works great. Next slide. And so this is just a whole bunch of recommendations to install a carbon monoxide detector. I recommend getting a pretty expensive one. I didn't get an expensive one. And our heat exchanger on our gas furnace died and melted. And we ended up having carbon monoxide all over the house. And our monitor never picked it up. I smelled the weird burning smell, and I called the gas company. And my family was like, what's the problem? Well, the levels were really, really high. That was the problem. Opening a window, cooking on the back burners, using other electric appliances like a toaster oven or a kettle, a plug-in induction stove, and then ultimately, when you can and if you can, switching to an electric or an induction stove. Next slide. So the proof in a lot of medical studies is, well, when you take whatever you think is causing a medical condition away, does it get better? This is a really nice study in Ecuador showing that replacing gas stoves with induction stoves reduced markedly emergency room visits and hospitalizations. Next slide. And right now, there was also a study in the Bronx that showed the same thing. And now we have a study ongoing in collaboration with the BU School of Public Health in Dorchester, where they are looking at the environmental and health effects of replacing a gas stove with an electric one. Now I should just mention, it's very interesting in the Bronx study, I don't have the data up here, But it only reduced the air pollutants in the air by about 30%. But I showed you in the earlier slide of gas stoves versus electric stoves, you know, when you go to an electric stove, it should take all of those air pollutants out. And I think that tells us that the problem is in communities of color, if you take away the indoor air pollution, you still have the problem, which is that the outdoor air pollution didn't go away. And so this gets at some of the problem, but we still have to face that whole problem. Next slide. So just a few takeaways. Now you know gas stoves are the number one trigger for asthma and an indoor trigger in the state of Massachusetts. And communities of color are disproportionately and unfairly burdened by that. What can we do to stop those negative health effects? You can vent your stovetop emissions, but remember, they have to vent outside. You can't just recirculate them. Open your windows. Keep the children, elderly people, people with asthma away from the stove while you're cooking. I think a really important part of this, too, obviously is going to happen at the policy level. This isn't mentioned much, but one thing I'm kind of passionate about is, you know, There's external ventilation required for hot water heaters and your gas dryer. You wouldn't think of venting that inside, right? Or your gas furnace. You wouldn't think of venting that inside. Gas stoves used to vent outside. And at some point, In the last 40 years, that changed. And so I feel very strongly that gas stoves should vent outside. I think putting a warning label on stoves. There's a warning label on my hairdryer, like do not drop this into a tub when you're using it because there's a risk of electric shock. I don't think 19,000 people die every year in the US because they've dropped their hair dryer in a bathtub and gotten an electric shock, and yet there's a label on it. But 19,000 people a year die from gas stove exposure and there's no label on it. Where does that square up? Dozen. And then, obviously, replacing a gas stove with an electric or an induction when you need a new one. And then, most importantly, I think, is regulating air pollution, outdoor air pollution. Because yes, you can get rid of indoor air pollution, but if you don't regulate the outdoor one, and say, enforce the roadmap law that was just passed in Massachusetts a year and a half ago, saying that we shouldn't be locating dirty incinerators and power plants, et cetera, in communities of color that are already overburdened by all of those. It's time to make that all happen. And that's all I have. I have some resources, next slide. And then next slide, more resources. So I'm happy to share those with you afterwards. I don't, I should have brought a handout, but I didn't. And I'm happy to take any questions. You're all probably in shock. You're like, oh no, the gas stove. I love the gas stove. I love gas stoves too. But you get used to electric. Yes. So do you want to take her the mic? Yeah.
[SPEAKER_11]: Итак, вы упомянули газовую плиту и ее влияние на астму. А как насчет системы отопления и, знаете, труб, которые иногда большинство арендодателей не обновляют и они полны сажи и, знаете, иногда на самом деле вы можете видеть, как это наверху вентилятора разбрасывает пыль, и вы знаете, так что это другое дело. Я страдала от этого, мой старший сын, я жила в квартире, где была такая проблема, и я заметила у него темные круги под глазами. Врачи упомянули что-то связанное с системой вентиляции, но не подтвердили и не понравилось, инициируйте все, что вам нужно, чтобы переехать из этой квартиры, понимаете?
[SPEAKER_09]: Да, я думаю, это, очевидно, огромная проблема, потому что речь идет не только о газовых плитах, но и о газовых печах. У меня была газовая печь, которая, вероятно, протекала. угарный газ в течение добрых шести месяцев, прежде чем я осознал это, и заметил, что у меня никогда не болит голова, а головная боль у меня болела каждый день. Мне, моим глазам, белкам моих глаз вводили инъекции, они были красными, и я подумал: это странно, я, знаете ли, и я все время был уставшим, я никогда не устаю. И Позже я понял, о боже, я страдаю от хронического воздействия угарного газа, потому что моя газовая печь выделяла все это. Газовые печи могут протекать так же, как и печи. То же самое можно сказать и о водонагревателях. Они также изучают утечки газа в домах по всему Массачусетсу, и на днях ко мне в дом пришёл кто-то в рамках исследования, и он только что положил свой монитор на водонагреватель, и я почувствовал запах газа сверху. у водонагревателя, и, конечно же, Была утечка газа, и я это устранил.
[SPEAKER_11]: Спасибо.
[SPEAKER_09]: Другие вопросы? Не стесняйся.
[SPEAKER_10]: Итак, у меня возник вопрос об использовании задних горелок. Это потому, что вы находитесь дальше и вентиляция не имеет к этому никакого отношения? это происходит на улице, а не в доме?
[SPEAKER_09]: Я предполагаю, что, во-первых, вы находитесь дальше от загрязняющих веществ, поэтому вам это не сразу бросается в глаза. И во-вторых, когда вы используете вытяжку с вытяжкой над плитой, она поднимается. Они работают лучше. Это лучше работает на заднем плане.
[SPEAKER_01]: Другие вопросы? Мой вопрос в том, не Это просто количество газовых плит, которые у нас есть повсюду, я имею в виду, я не говорю только в Массачусетсе, а повсюду. Это гораздо больше, это намного больше, чем электрическая плита. Разве это не из-за цены? Электричество дороже газа?
[SPEAKER_09]: Знаете ли вы, что это, вероятно, имеет к этому какое-то отношение? Также, Но это еще не вся история, верно? Потому что какова другая часть истории? Он широко продавался. Я помню, как я только что женился, разговаривал со всеми своими друзьями, и все говорили: «Ох». Все повара выходили и говорили: «О, готовить на газу намного лучше». И кто им платил? Американская газовая ассоциация. И поэтому в какой-то момент могла возникнуть цена. Я не могу сказать, что действительно замечаю разницу между моей электрической плитой и газовой, а также в том, сколько стоит ее эксплуатация. Да, но подумай, сколько ты экономишь на больничных счетах. Ага. Ага. Возможно, когда-то так и было, но теперь я думаю, что они становятся более эффективными. Как я уже сказал, у меня есть более новая модель, но она не работает, индукция очень эффективна, очень, очень эффективна и использует электромагнитные волны.
[SPEAKER_00]: Да, я бы просто добавил, что подобная индукционная варочная панель стоит примерно вдвое дешевле, чем традиционная электрическая плита.
[SPEAKER_09]: И не обязательно покупать всю плиту. Вы можете просто купить одну горелку, которую она выставила прямо здесь. И таким образом просто удивительно, как много можно обойтись, не используя газовую плиту. Ага. Другие вопросы?
[SPEAKER_11]: Ага. придется использовать микрофон.
[SPEAKER_15]: Я думаю, что это то же самое, что и экономическое бремя цветных сообществ. Так откуда там ресурсы? Я знаю, что с городом Дорчестер и Будапештом существует программа общественного здравоохранения, например, сколько стоит перейти с газовой плиты на электрическую? Будут ли для этого ресурсы?
[SPEAKER_09]: Это отличный вопрос. Я верю, что существует государственная программа Массачусетса «Массовая экономия», скидка 500 долларов на покупку индукционной или электрической плиты или индукционной плиты. ХОРОШО. Ага. Так что есть. А также перейти на тепловой насос, собственно, если вы хотите изменить вид отопления на электрический. Там тоже скидка.
[SPEAKER_08]: Спасибо. Это была отличная презентация. Можете ли вы поговорить с вами с Брендой о ценах на вводный курс и о том, как работает программа MassSave? Итак, если вы хотите просто купить его сразу или пройти через MassSave.
[SPEAKER_00]: Спасибо. Да, портативная индукционная плита, подобная этой, стоит чуть больше 100 долларов. Полноразмерная плита с индукционной плитой стоит дороже стандартной. Это может быть на 1000 долларов дороже, но с учетом скидки при массовой экономии в 500 долларов это будет на 500 долларов дороже. Я готовил на такой портативной индукционной плите уже год. Иногда я использовал газовую плиту в качестве запасного варианта, когда мне приходилось использовать несколько конфорок, но мне удавалось делать это почти исключительно в течение года. О, я купил это на Amazon, но думаю, что его вполне можно найти в Home Depot, Best Buy или, извините, Best Buy и тому подобном. Ага.
[SPEAKER_09]: Хороший вопрос. Спасибо.
[SPEAKER_06]: У нас появился еще один вопрос. Да. Нужно ли покупать специальную кастрюлю для приготовления?
[SPEAKER_09]: Это тоже хороший вопрос, и я уверен, что Бренда могла бы рассказать вам об этом больше.
[SPEAKER_00]: Ага. Извините, мне лучше остаться стоять. Таким образом, кастрюли должны быть магнитными, потому что именно так это и работает: создается магнитное поле, которое нагревает только металл в кастрюле. Итак, нержавеющая сталь, чугун, если у вас есть керамика с металлом внутри, это подойдет. Но с медью, стеклом и тому подобными вещами это не сработает. Но в принципе вы можете проверить свою посуду. Если у вас есть магнит, просто проверьте свою посуду. Если приклеится, то получится.
[SPEAKER_09]: Это действительно хороший вопрос. Вот почему мы на самом деле выбрали электрическую, а не индукционную, потому что мой муж сказал, что я не собираюсь отказываться от своих любимых кастрюль, которые мы проверили с помощью магнита, и они не были магнитными, так что да. Что ж, большое вам всем спасибо, я
[SPEAKER_15]: Спасибо, доктор Лундберг. Если вы хотите научиться пользоваться индукционной плитой, Бренда подойдет и покажет вам, как ею пользоваться.
[SPEAKER_13]: Да, абсолютно. Да, мы по сути разместили его на нашем веб-сайте, и вы можете с нами взаимодействовать. Я дам это тебе позже.
[SPEAKER_07]: Абсолютно. Ага-ага. Как это? Большой. Так вы работаете с Министерством сельского хозяйства США или нет?
[SPEAKER_14]: Да, что мне мешают? Я имею в виду, что ты собираешься делать? Подожди, что? И это тоже не имеет большого значения.
[SPEAKER_02]: QR-код, у нас там тоже есть код? Ага-ага.
[SPEAKER_06]: Но мне бы очень хотелось получить эту информацию, потому что у моих родителей есть бензин. И я такой, угу.
[SPEAKER_02]: Вот что я говорю. Хотя, типа, 100 долларов, но тогда у тебя есть семья. Как вы собираетесь получать газ? Это как на самом деле,
[SPEAKER_07]: Надеюсь, вы, ребята, поддержите настоящую работу.
[SPEAKER_02]: Я хотел, чтобы каждый занимался своим делом, понимаешь? И плюс, типа, я всем рассказываю.
[SPEAKER_06]: Мне не нужно идти. Да, я знаю.
[SPEAKER_05]: Я тебя люблю. Я тебя люблю.
[SPEAKER_04]: Так что я просто соединяю точки. Я говорю правду.
[SPEAKER_07]: Спасибо.
[SPEAKER_06]: Ага.
[SPEAKER_04]: Ага.
[SPEAKER_05]: Вы, ребята, великолепны.
[SPEAKER_02]: Я знаю, что это большой город.
[SPEAKER_06]: Ага.
[SPEAKER_07]: Потому что мне кажется, что люди, когда говорят просто Сирия, они туда не едут.
[SPEAKER_06]: Но если конкретно к ним, то даже заговорят об этом.
[SPEAKER_07]: Потому что вы знаете, это более хороший район.
[SPEAKER_05]: Знаете, это хороший сигнал для широкой публики. Я бы с радостью, но обычная женщина подошла бы ко мне и сказала: «Знаешь, у нас есть Сирия, мы в ней участвуем». через 10 лет? Мало-помалу, потому что люди начнут об этом говорить, особенно как сейчас.
[SPEAKER_06]: Люди начнут говорить об этом в следующем году. У нас будет больше людей. Это все, что у меня есть. Я запомнил только одну строчку.